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The third-generation (3G) wireless communication system has significantly enhanced system performance and service quality compared to its second-generation predecessors. To achieve higher data transmission rates, 3G employs a complex modulation scheme. As 3G base station technologies continue to develop rapidly, the stable operation of the WCDMA radio part and code domain has become more critical. This evolution demands that maintenance personnel conduct comprehensive measurements across multiple domains—frequency, time, amplitude, and modulation—including azimuth performance evaluation. These requirements present new challenges for engineers working in the field.
The characterization of the WCDMA UMTS Node B transmitter involves two main aspects: RF spectrum description and code domain demodulation. Using a handheld spectrum analyzer with demodulation capabilities, such as Anritsu’s MT8220A, these measurements can be efficiently performed. The MT8220A not only offers traditional signal-based spectrum analysis but also supports key parameters like carrier frequency, frequency error, occupied bandwidth, channel power, peak-to-average ratio, noise level, and adjacent channel interference ratio (ACLR). It also includes essential modulation domain analysis features required for WCDMA transmitters, such as spurious emissions, vector error magnitude (EVM), carrier feedthrough, and measurements on P-CCPCH/S-CCPCH, P-SCH/S-SCH, PICH, CPICH, and other critical channels.
Code domain demodulation measurement is an essential part of evaluating WCDMA transmitters. By leveraging advanced semiconductor technology, Anritsu has developed compact RF/microwave devices that match the performance of larger benchtop instruments while weighing just 2.9 kg. Built on a high-performance 7.1GHz spectrum analyzer platform, the MT8220A delivers powerful WCDMA demodulation capabilities, enabling real-time testing and analysis anywhere. With an average noise floor as low as -153dBm, it outperforms many handheld devices. It also enhances key performance indicators like Spectral Emission Mask and ACLR, making it ideal for precise measurements.
Figure 1 illustrates the Code Domain Demodulation Measurement, showcasing how the MT8220A captures and analyzes signals in the code domain.
UMTS WCDMA Transmitter Testing is made more efficient with the MT8220A’s built-in spectrum analysis mode optimized for WCDMA base station RF measurements. This includes carrier frequency, frequency error, occupied bandwidth, channel power, peak-to-average ratio, noise level, and ACLR. ACLR measurements are particularly important, as they reflect the nonlinearity of power amplifiers and can impact system capacity and user experience. Excessive ACLR can cause the near-far effect, where strong signals overpower weaker ones. The MT8220A’s built-in ACLR mode ensures accurate leakage measurements at 5MHz and 10MHz offsets, helping maintain signal integrity.
Signal spurious measurements are another critical feature of the MT8220A. It includes a standard 3GPP spurious template, allowing users to quickly determine if a signal passes or fails based on predefined thresholds. This makes it easy for engineers to identify and address potential issues.
In code domain demodulation mode, the MT8220A provides detailed analysis of WCDMA signal quality, including P-CCPCH, S-CCPCH, P-SCH, S-SCH, PICH, and CPICH. It displays three modes: code domain power, code spectrum, and modulation list. These displays help engineers evaluate critical power levels and optimize network performance.
The code spectrum test visualizes code domain power using a color scale, showing power changes over time. This helps analyze base stations with varying data rates and service needs. Code spectrum analysis is especially useful for tracking traffic load and identifying call volume patterns.
Figure 2 shows the Modulation Project List Display, highlighting the various parameters measured during testing.
Over-the-air measurement mode allows the MT8220A to capture signals directly from the air interface or via a direct connection to the NodeB. While some measurements are limited depending on the mode, the over-the-air capability enables automatic detection of the strongest 6 scrambling codes. Users can also manually input specific scrambling codes for targeted analysis. Scrambling code analysis helps detect pilot power levels (Ec) and calculate Ec/Io, which reflects the signal-to-noise ratio for each sector. This information is crucial for assessing coverage quality and ensuring optimal network performance.
The MT8220A provides detailed over-the-air measurement data, including total power, pilot power (CPICH), Ec/Io, Ec, and pilot tolerance parameters, offering a complete picture of the base station’s performance.