UAV research report (10) Turkey: 6 drones / system detailed

Selected Works of Weapons and Equipment

Part III: Drone Research Report

(ten)

Development of drones in countries around the world

Turkey: 6 drones/systems detailed

1. "Bayraktar / Globiha" drone

The “Bajayaltal” micro-unmanned system is the first type of drone that the Turkish military actually equipped and used. This type of system was developed by Baykar Machine in 2003 and tested in October 2005. It adopts hand-held throwing launch, the structure of the body adopts upper wing, box body and truss structure design, and the power system adopts propeller propeller driven by electric motor. In 2006, the model appeared in the B-type version. By the beginning of 2009, the model had accumulated more than 4,000 hours in the soil army. This is a highly automated unmanned system with a point-of-flight control capability (that is, a pre-flight planned flight plan, flying along a specific route) and the ability to return to the launch point itself after the mission is completed. According to Bayka Machinery, it can measure the target position in the target area with an accuracy of less than 10 meters. In August 2006, the Turkish Army signed a procurement contract with its production company. The former will purchase another 19 sets of the system (four aircraft per system), which are expected to be delivered to the military from mid-2007. It should be noted that the aircraft body model exhibited at the 2006 Farnborough Air Show 2006 and the manufacturer's product manual show the double-tailed twin propeller body and the inverted V-tail design. The body is still similar to the B type, and it can be speculated that this may be the "Bahit Aal A" unmanned aerial vehicle. Image data from other sources show that the aircraft uses a single-tailed conventional box-type body and truss structure, which is completely different from the model exhibited. In 2009, the catalogue of the Turkish domestic website also included the “Bajaltar” aircraft in the series of twin-engine engines.

The performance parameters of the "Baiyatal A" aircraft are as follows: wingspan 1.6 meters, fuselage length 1.2 meters, full weight 5 kilograms (load 1 kilogram), battery life is about 1 hour, data link communication distance is about 20 kilometers, the largest The ceiling is 3,660 meters, the practical ceiling is 610 meters, the cruising speed is 70 kilometers per hour, and the maximum flight speed is 90 kilometers per hour.

The performance parameters of the "Baiyatal B" aircraft are as follows: wingspan 1.9 meters, fuselage length 1.2 meters, total weight 4.5 kilograms, battery life 1 hour, data link communication distance of about 15 kilometers, maximum ceiling 3660 meters, practical The ceiling is 610 meters and the cruising speed is 55 kilometers per hour.

At the International Defence Systems and Equipment Exhibition (DSEi) exhibition in September 2009, the Turkish delegation also focused on its “Bahittal” unmanned system. According to the delegation, it was with Global Teknik (Global Teknik). The company's "Golobiha" unmanned system of the same class, the latter has a range of up to 15 kilometers and a battery life of about 1.5 hours, using a unique operating software interface and real-time control hardware. Similar to “Bahittal”, it has a high degree of automation and has the ability to return to the launch site autonomously. Its performance parameters are: 1.51m wingspan, 1.4m body length, 3.1kg full weight, and 75 minutes battery life. The data link transmission distance is 15 kilometers, the maximum flight speed is 110 km/h, the cruising speed is 65 km/h, and the mission height is 45-450 meters.

2. "BAYKUS" unmanned system

The "Baykus" unmanned system was developed by the Turkish aerospace industry. It uses a conventional front propeller propeller and a double-tailed body structure. Its performance parameters are as follows: wingspan 7 meters, fuselage length 6 meters The take-off weight is 250 kg (100 kg empty weight, load 80 kg), the life time is about 12 hours (the mission radius is 50 km to maintain the radio communication in the line of sight), the cruising speed is 202 km/h, and the maximum ceiling is 4560 meters. The power unit uses two 2-cylinder 2-stroke petrol engines.

3. "EFE/Ari" unmanned aerial vehicle

The "EFE" unmanned aerial vehicle produced by Vestel is currently in service with the Turkish military. This is an electric-driven miniature unmanned aerial vehicle. It is similar in design concept to the Israeli "Skylark" and others. Electric aircraft are similar. The whole system consists of an aircraft, a ground station, ground data terminal and different load devices used day and night. Due to the reasonable design, the complete system can be carried in a backpack and carried by a single soldier. This is also a micro-unmanned person. The "Byraktar" system, which is still incapable of being carried by individual soldiers, is a big step forward. Since its known performance parameters now only have a battery life (about 1.5 hours) and a data link transmission distance (12 km), there is still no other specific data for this type of aircraft, which means that the model may still be under development at least in 2009. stage. However, it is puzzling that, in the poster of the EFE aircraft that was later issued by the company, the shape and structure of the aircraft were similar to those of the “Bahithaltal” aircraft, both of which used box-type bodies, truss tails and V-tail, when describing its performance data, the manual specifies that its battery life is about 2.5 hours, the maximum flight speed is 160 km/h, the cruising speed is 80 km/h, the data link transmission distance is 15 km, and the maximum ceiling is 4510. Meter, but the body size data is not available.

In addition to the EFE micro-aircraft, the company also produced a miniature unmanned aerial vehicle called "Ari", which was not exhibited with the "EFE" system at the 2009 DSEi exhibition. According to the introduction of the company, the Ari system is an ideal solution for small-scale units to build reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition subsystems in the C4ISR system in a line-of-sight field. The Ari unmanned system is molded in one time using engineering plastics. It has the design features of a traditional aircraft. The propeller is located at the tail of the machine. The entire system can also be loaded into the rucksack after being dismantled and carried by a single soldier. The performance parameters are as follows: the wingspan is 1 meter, the total weight is about 1 kilogram (loading 0.2 kilograms), the battery life is about 30 minutes, the mission radius is 1 kilometer, the maximum flight speed is 120 kilometers per hour, and the cruising speed is 60 kilometers per hour. The maximum ceiling is 3050 meters. The aircraft is driven by an electric motor, handheld throwing launch, and a variety of day and night optional loads, capable of reconnaissance and surveillance tasks around the clock.

4. "Kayarel" unmanned system

The "Kayaril" unmanned system is also a hollow long-range tactical aircraft developed by Vestel. At the DSEi exhibition in September 2009, it also appeared in the promotional materials published in Turkey. The system is now Also adopted by the Turkish military. From the picture distributed on the exhibition, the aircraft is driven by a propeller, which can recover the three-point landing gear and the V-tail. The specific size data is unknown. At present, it only knows that its battery life is about 10 hours, the use limit is about 5,500 meters, and it has real-time transmission of battlefield video (transmission distance is about 150 kilometers). Its elastic and stable sensor tower can carry day and night sensors and Laser target illuminator (with battlefield target indication function). The take-off and landing of the aircraft can be carried out by its own control. The publicity at the exhibition emphasizes its ability to take off and land on rough roads.

5. "Malazgirt" unmanned helicopter

The “Malazgot” unmanned helicopter is now equipped by the Turkish Army, which is manufactured by Kale and Bakhtar, which also produces “Bakhtar”. Unmanned system. The manufacturer's information on the model states that its performance is mostly integrated into its flight control software, while the cost of aircraft hardware is relatively low. Software-based capabilities include automatic takeoff/landing, auto hover, autonomous path point navigation, autonomous hovering while maintaining body orientation, automatic path point tracking with GPS/inertial navigation support, and automatic driving assisted remote control flight control . The manufacturer also said that the unmanned helicopter system is the first micro-unmanned system used by the Turkish military, and it is said to have begun to deliver troops before 2007. The performance parameters are as follows: rotor diameter 1.8 meters, fuselage length 1.2 meters, load 1 kilogram, battery life 35 minutes (using electric motor) or 90 minutes (using gasoline engine), voyage 20 kilometers, maximum ceiling 3660 meters, use flight The height is about 1100 meters.

6. "Turkey Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (TIHA)"

The "TIHA" unmanned system is a 1.5-ton hollow long-haul large-scale unmanned aerial vehicle developed by Turkish Aerospace Industries Corporation in recent years. It has been tested in 2009 and it is believed that Turkish Aerospace Industries has developed it based on it. Large (3.5 ton, 500 kg load) "TIHA B" unmanned system. It has been developed to meet the operational requirements of the soil air, the structure and configuration of the American "Predator" UAV is similar, it takes a long horizontal main wing, the propeller propulsion means and V-tail The body layout. “TIHA” means the Turkish abbreviation of “Turkey Unmanned Aerial Vehicle”. The development contract was originally signed in December 2004, when it was required to complete the manufacture of three prototypes in 2009, and the development phase was completed by 2011. The Earth Army requires at least six TIHA systems, each with three aircraft and corresponding ground terminals, and the development of its armed models is also being planned.

TIHA's performance parameters are as follows: wingspan 17 meters, fuselage length 10 meters, total weight 1.5 tons (load 200 kg, maximum fuel load 250 kg), battery life of about 24 hours, mission radius of 200 km (depending on data link transmission Distance), cruise speed over 138 km / h, can continue to fly at a speed of 360 km / h, the aircraft power plant uses a turboprop engine, detachable for the transport of the main wing and tail (the wingspan 4.5 m) The ceiling can reach 9100 meters.

According to the plan, TIHA's armed model TIHA-B can carry laser guided missiles or the US Joint Direct Attack Ammunition System (JDAMS).

Source: "Weapons and Equipment Research Selected" International Defense Science and Technology Series (2015, No. 5, No. 15) The Management Research Center of China Electronics Science Research Institute compiled / picture from the original report or the Internet.

Selected Works of Weapons and Equipment

Part I: US Aircraft Research Report

Selected Works of Weapons and Equipment

Part II: Foreign AWACS Research Report

Foreign AWACS Research Report (1): Development History + Early Warning Aircraft Map

Foreign AWACS Research Report (II): US E-3 Series "Wanglou" Early Warning Aircraft

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