Assuming that the open-loop voltage amplification of the amplifier is infinite (Ao→∞), then the input voltage Ui of the amplifier must be close to zero. Since the non-inverting input is directly grounded, the voltage UA at the R1 and R nodes is also approximately equal to zero. According to the characteristics of the ideal operational amplifier, I+=I-=0, then i1=if, using the law of Ohm to calculate i1 and if, i1=(Ui-UA)/R1=Ui/R1, if=(UA-U0)/ Rf=-Uo/Rf, so that Ui/R1=-Uo/Rf can get Af=Uo/Ui=-Rf/Rl, which does not introduce the formula of calculating the closed-loop voltage amplification factor of the inverting input negative feedback amplifier. Yet? Rf=Rl, we can get Af=-1, that is, the output voltage U0 is equal in magnitude to the input voltage Ui, and the phase is opposite. This is the inverter composed of the operational amplifier. In combination with the circuit of the inverting input negative feedback amplifier, you need to understand another important concept - virtual ground. I just said that the potential UA→0 of point A of the inverting amplifier (above) is close to the potential of the grounding point, but it is not true grounding. If the point A is really grounded, the input signal is shorted, so we put It is called the "virtual ground" point. "Virtual ground" means that the potential at point A is too small to be negligible. The use of the concept of "virtual land" can greatly simplify the analysis of problems.
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