What are the special requirements for the control system when using a subdivision drive? The use of a subdivision drive significantly enhances the motor's performance, but this improvement is entirely managed by the drive itself, independent of the motor and the control system. When using such a system, the user should focus primarily on the stepping angle of the motor. This is because the stepping angle affects the frequency of the step signal sent by the control system. After subdivision, the stepping angle becomes smaller, requiring an increase in the frequency of the step signal to maintain the same motor speed.
For example, consider a 1.8-degree stepping motor. In half-step mode, the stepping angle is 0.9 degrees, while in ten-subdivision mode, it reduces to 0.18 degrees. This means that, at the same motor speed, the control system must send a step signal with a frequency five times higher than in the half-step state. Understanding this relationship is crucial for proper system design and operation.
What is holding torque? Holding torque refers to the maximum torque a motor can exert when it is energized but not rotating. It is a key factor in determining the motor's ability to hold its position under load. While subdivision improves performance, it does not affect the holding torque directly—it remains dependent on the motor’s design and current levels.
What is the accuracy of a stepper motor, and does it accumulate? Stepper motors typically have an accuracy range of 3% to 5% of the step angle. Importantly, the deviation of a single step does not affect the next step, meaning that the overall accuracy does not accumulate over time. This makes them suitable for applications where precise positioning is required without the need for feedback systems.
What is the allowable temperature for a stepper motor? Excessive heat can cause demagnetization of the motor’s magnetic materials, leading to reduced torque or even failure. The maximum allowable temperature depends on the type of magnet used. Most modern magnets can withstand temperatures above 130°C, so an external motor temperature of 80–90°C is generally safe and normal.
Why does the torque of a stepper motor decrease as the speed increases? As the motor rotates, the inductance of each winding generates a back electromotive force (EMF). The higher the speed, the greater the EMF, which opposes the current flow and reduces the motor’s torque. This is why torque tends to drop at higher speeds.
Why does a stepper motor run normally at low speeds but fail to start at higher speeds, often accompanied by noise? This issue relates to the motor’s no-load starting frequency—the maximum pulse frequency it can handle without load. If the input frequency exceeds this value, the motor may lose steps or stall. Under load, the motor requires a gradual acceleration process to reach the desired speed, ensuring smooth operation.
How can vibration and noise from a two-phase hybrid stepper motor be reduced at low speeds? Vibration and noise are inherent in these motors at low speeds. Several solutions exist: adjusting the speed to avoid resonance zones, using a subdivision driver, switching to a motor with a smaller step angle, or replacing it with a servo motor. Adding a magnetic damper is another option, though it involves mechanical modifications.
By understanding these factors, engineers and users can better optimize the performance and reliability of their motor control systems.
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