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SigmaDSP® series devices come equipped with a variety of general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins that can be connected to external hardware components such as LEDs, buttons, or rotary encoders. Some of these pins can also be multiplexed to connect to an auxiliary ADC, allowing for direct connection of a potentiometer or analog control voltage to the IC. This article briefly explains how to use GPIO in SigmaStudio, a graphical development tool used for programming, developing, and tuning software for SigmaDSP audio processors.
The first step is understanding how to access the GPIO pins. In SigmaStudio, GPIO pins can be accessed via the General Purpose Input/Output units found in the IO section of the Toolbox. These units are connected like other blocks in SigmaStudio, with red-colored lines indicating signal flow. Similarly, the auxiliary ADC input unit works in a similar way.
To configure the GPIO pins, you need to use the register control window within SigmaStudio. Examples of GPIO register configurations are shown in figures 4, 5, and 6. Here, you can set up the GPIO pin according to your circuit requirements. Options include "Input GPIO Debounce," "Input GPIO No Debounce," "Output GPIO," "Output GPIO Open Collector," and "ADC." Some devices allow these pins to be used for digital audio data or clock signals. On some models, the GPIO pins are labeled as MP (Multipurpose), but they function similarly.
Contact bounce is a common issue when connecting switches or buttons to a GPIO pin. Mechanical and electrical factors can cause random oscillations during the switching process. To minimize this, a debounce circuit should be integrated into the GPIO setup. Most SigmaDSPs allow you to set the debounce time directly in the GPIO section of the register control window. The kernel reads the input values from the associated registers for each audio frame.
For inputs not affected by contact bounce, such as outputs from an external logic IC, the debounce circuit can be bypassed. The kernel still reads the input values from the same registers. Output GPIO settings allow the pin to act as a digital output, typically with a few milliamps of drive current. For more information, refer to the relevant SigmaDSP datasheet.
In open-collector mode, the pin requires an external pull-up resistor, which can be connected to a different power supply. This is useful when interfacing with ICs operating at different logic levels. When using the control port to drive inputs or outputs, the GPIO pin can be controlled externally, allowing for greater flexibility in system design.
Additionally, when a GPIO pin is set to ADC mode, it functions as a multiplexed input for the auxiliary ADC. On certain models like the ADAU170x, the reverse phase must be enabled for proper ADC operation. While the ADC sampling rate depends on the specific SigmaDSP model, the core will still read the input value from the ADC for each audio frame.
Within SigmaStudio, GPIO pins can be assigned to control or be controlled by the audio signal handler. This allows for dynamic reconfiguration of the pin's function while the device is running. If your user interface uses GPIO pins, you may be able to reduce or eliminate the need for a microcontroller, significantly lowering the cost of a simple audio system.