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A cable tester is an electronic device used to verify the electrical connections in a cable or other wired assembly. Generally a cable tester consists of:
1.A source of electric current,
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2.A volt meter,
3.A switching matrix used to connect the current source and the volt meter to all of the contact points in a cable.
In addition to these parts a cable tester may also have a microcontroller and a display to automate the testing process and show the testing results.
In 2017, Conviva, a leading provider of measurement and analytics for streaming media, released a comprehensive report highlighting the rapid growth of the OTT (Over-The-Top) market. The findings revealed that key performance indicators for OTT services doubled in growth, with a particular focus on improving startup times to boost viewing hours by an impressive 2 billion hours. The report also included insights into regional trends, device usage, and application preferences.
**Part One: OTT Market Status**
**Watching Time**
According to Conviva’s global customer data, total viewing time reached 12.6 billion hours in 2017—a 100% increase from the previous year. This was achieved through 2.4 billion unique devices worldwide. Regionally, North America led with 58%, followed by Europe at 21%, Asia at 19%, and other regions making up the remaining 2%. Conviva has observed a shift from traditional linear pay-TV to OTT platforms, including MVPDs and pay-TV providers. As more consumers embrace diverse OTT services, the trend is expected to continue into 2018.
**Play Count**
Conviva recorded 38.8 billion video plays globally in 2017, a 74% rise compared to the previous year. North America accounted for 54%, Asia for 25%, and Europe for 18%. By the end of 2017, browser-based video traffic made up 36% of Conviva’s platform, while native applications contributed 64%. This marked a significant shift from 2016, where browsers grew by only 23% versus a 160% increase for apps. This change reflects a growing preference for dedicated applications over web-based players, especially as OTT devices become more prevalent in homes.
**Concurrency**
Conviva experienced peak concurrent connections of 9.76 million during the year, with a 103% overall increase. These spikes were often linked to live sports events and original content releases. On average, viewers completed 46.6% of their videos, with each device seeing a 71% increase in watching time. Devices like Xbox and Roku had the highest completion rates, suggesting that home-based TV viewing tends to be more engaging than mobile or desktop consumption.
**Devices**
Streaming OTT devices were the most influential in driving video consumption. Among them, the Roku box led, followed by FireTV, Apple TV, gaming consoles like PlayStation and Xbox, and devices such as Chromecast. Mobile platforms ranked next, with iOS devices outperforming Android by nearly double in terms of average viewing time. Macs also showed higher engagement than standard PCs, indicating that user experience and device type play a critical role in streaming behavior.
**Part II: OTT Streaming Video Quality of Experience (QoE)**
Conviva tracks four key quality metrics: re-buffering rate, video start time (VST), bit rate, and video start failure (VSF). These KPIs are crucial for maintaining viewer satisfaction and reducing churn.
**Video Start Time**
In 2017, Conviva recorded 47.1 billion playback attempts, with 38.8 billion successfully played. A staggering 17.7% of attempts failed, either due to VSF or early exits. That equates to about 8.3 billion failed attempts, potentially costing the industry 2.6 billion hours of lost viewing time. The average video start time increased by 23% to 4.84 seconds, with variations between app and browser platforms—4.37 seconds for apps and 5.96 seconds for browsers.
**Buffering Rate**
The average re-buffering rate was 0.95%, with monthly fluctuations ranging from 0.79% to 1.66%. A 0.2% increase in buffering could result in an 8-minute loss in viewing time. High buffering can significantly reduce engagement, with studies showing a drop of over 50% in participation when buffering rises.
**Impact on Engagement**
Conviva's research shows that real-time monitoring of QoE metrics is essential for predicting and improving viewer engagement, satisfaction, and revenue. As OTT continues to grow, ensuring smooth playback and fast start times remains a top priority for service providers.
Conviva’s data comes from its extensive customer base, which represents nearly 60% of internet users and includes seven of the top ten SVoD providers in the U.S. This makes it one of the largest continuous surveys of OTT streaming across multiple publishers. With the market expanding rapidly, understanding and optimizing the viewer experience will be key to sustaining growth.