Airport and runway lighting system introduction

Approach lighting system

1. Approach midline light: A fixed light beacon installed on the centerline of the runway, the color of which is variable white. Class 1, 2, and 3 precision approach lights extend to the runway entrance no less than 900 meters, and the lamps are separated by 30 meters. If it is a simple runway, the approach lights extend to not less than 420 meters from the runway entrance. 60 meters.

2. Approach horizontal light: set horizontal lights at 300 meters of the runway entrance (2, 3 precision approach runways set a row at 150m and 300m at the runway entrance), the color of the light is variable white. The horizontal row of lights is perpendicular to the centerline of the runway and is divided into linear light groups of 18 meters to 30 meters. The light distance on the inner side of each side is 4.5 meters from the extension line of the middle line of the runway, and seven lights are arranged outward. The lateral spacing of the lamps is 1.5 meters.

3. Approach side lights: 2. Class 3 precision approach runways are generally equipped with side lights, the color of the lights is red. Extending from the runway entrance to 270 meters, the lights are spaced 30 meters apart.

4. Visual approach slope indicator: This indicator consists of multiple pairs of lamps, generally divided into three types: cylinder, three-row or T-type. The number of different types of lamps is different, and the location of installation is also different. Some are arranged symmetrically on either side of the runway, and most are arranged on the left side of the runway. Runway entrances vary depending on the type of drop-off, typically between 300 and 400 meters.

5. Approach light: Set the approach flash on the runway extension line from 300 to 900 meters from the runway threshold. The color of the approach light is white flash, but it is generally shielded at the low elevation angle of the runway, so that when the pilot takes off in the direction of the approach light, the light can only be seen after leaving the ground. The flashing sequence of these beacons is from front to back, and the flashing frequency of each lamp is 1 time/second.

Landing lighting system

1. Runway edge light: The runway edge light must be installed along the length of the runway on either side of the runway parallel to the runway centerline, or at a distance of no more than 3 meters beyond the runway edge. The color of the light is variable white, yellow light The head-to-tail distance is 600 meters or half of the runway, which is generally the smaller of them.

Description: The runway edge light is a white constant light that indicates the boundary on either side of the runway.

Note:

A. The spacing of the runway side lights of each airport is not consistent. Therefore, when the driver uses the number of visible runway side lights to estimate the visibility, it is necessary to verify the distance of the airport runway edge lights. Use this value carefully to estimate the visibility.

B. In the case of a shift in the runway entrance, the runway edge light between the start of the runway and the inward transition of the runway display is red in the approach direction;

C. From the end of the take-off run, the runway edge light of the section of 600m at the end of the runway or one-third of the length of the runway (both of which are small) is yellow.

2. Runway entrance light: Installed at the end of the runway or near the end of the runway no more than 3 meters, the light color is green. The runway entrance lights must be perpendicular to the runway axis. There are no fewer than six runway entry lights for a typical runway installation. All kinds of precision approach runways are installed with a row of runway entrance lights with a spacing of 3 meters.

3. Runway end light: The runway end light is placed at the end of the runway with runway side lights and is designed as a one-way constant light that emits red light toward the runway to help the driver identify the end of the runway.

4. Runway center line light: Generally, the runway center line lights must be installed on the 2nd and 3rd class precision approach runways. These lights should be evenly spaced in the longitudinal direction of 5 m, 7 m, 15 m or 30 m, marking the runway centerline from the runway entrance to the end. From the runway entrance to 900 m from the end of the runway, it must be a variable white fixed light; from 900 m from the end of the runway to 300 m from the end of the runway, between red and variable white; 300 m from the end of the runway Until the end of the runway is red.

Note: The runway center line light is used to indicate the midline position of the runway, usually set along the center line of the runway, but the actual installation tends to be a short distance on the same side of the runway center line. This distance is negligible when the pilot is maneuvering the aircraft to the midline.

Note:

In the case of a runway length of less than 1800 m, variable line white and red light alternately from the midpoint of the available landing length of the runway to the runway centerline 300 m from the end of the runway.

5. Runway grounding zone lights: All grounding zones of Class 2 and 3 precision approach runways must be equipped with grounding lights, and the color of the lights is variable white. Extending longitudinally from the runway entrance to 900 meters, only when the runway length is less than 1800 meters, the distance is shortened so that it does not exceed the midpoint of the runway. The grounding strip lights must be symmetrically arranged on both sides of the centerline of the runway. The lateral spacing between the innermost lamps is not less than 18 meters and not more than 22.5 meters, and is generally 18 meters. The grounding zone lamp consists of a number of laterally arranged groups of lights (ie rows of lights). Each row of lamps must consist of at least 3 luminaires spaced no more than 1.5 m apart, with a longitudinal spacing of 30 m between the rows of lamps.

Note: not all runways have grounded lights

6. Quick exit taxiway indicator light: The quick exit taxiway indicator light is a one-way yellow constant light, set on the runway where the midline of the runway is connected to the side of the fast exit taxiway, providing the driver with the fastest exit slide on the runway. Information on the distance of the road so that it can better understand the position of the aircraft under low visibility conditions, and use the brakes more reasonably to obtain more efficient landing and off-track speed.

Note: As shown in the figure, the quick exit taxiway indicator light is initially set at 300 meters away from the exit crossing, which is 3 side-by-side yellow lights; 2 side-by-side yellow lights are placed 200 meters away from the exit crossing; A single yellow light is at the intersection of 100 meters and beyond.

7. Stop the light: The stop light is a constant light that emits red light in the direction of the runway, helping the driver to identify the stop at night.

8. Runway turn head light: The runway turn head light is a green light unidirectional constant light that provides continuous guidance to the driver at low visibility to enable the aircraft to make a 180° turn and align with the runway centerline.

Taxiway lighting system

1. Taxiway center line light: On the taxiway, set the taxiway center line light. The color of the light is generally green. The spacing is generally less than 60 meters. The beam size can only be seen from the taxiway or on the aircraft nearby. The taxiway center line light provides the driver with a continuous taxi guide between the runway centerline and the stand.

Note: At some airports, in order to ensure operation at low visibility, taxi lights are installed on the runway exit taxiways and runways. This part of the taxi light alternates between green and yellow as the standard taxi route.

2. Taxiway sideline lights: Installed on the sides of the taxiway or at an angle of no more than 3 meters from the edge. The taxiway edge light is blue in color. Evenly distributed.

3. Stop the row light: Stop the row light is a one-way light that emits red light in the direction of approaching the runway. It is set on the taxiway and requires the aircraft to stop waiting for permission. The spacing is 3m, traverse the taxiway, controlled by ATC.

Note: When the stop light is on, it means that the traffic is prohibited. If it is off, the permission is allowed. Correct identification of stop lights can effectively prevent runway incursions.

4. Intermediate waiting position light: The intermediate waiting position lamp is symmetrical with respect to the taxiway center line and at right angles thereto, and is designed to emit a constant yellow light toward the intermediate waiting position.

Note: The intermediate waiting position light is mainly used to help the driver identify the intermediate waiting position when the runway visual range is less than 350 m.

5. De-icing/anti-icing facility exit light: The de-icing/anti-icing facility exit light is placed at the exit boundary of the long-distance de-icing/anti-icing facility adjacent to the taxiway, with a constant yellow light towards the exit boundary.

6. Runway warning light: The light beam of the runway warning light is unidirectional and aligned so that the pilot of the aircraft that is slid to the waiting position can be seen. It is used to warn the driver who drives the aircraft on the taxiway and the driver who drives the vehicle. They will Enter a current runway.

Note: There are two standard configurations for runway warning lights, Type A runway warning lights and Type B runway warning lights:

A. Type A runway warning lights are placed on both sides of the taxiway and consist of two pairs of yellow lights. The bulbs inside the lamps alternately illuminate.

B. The B-type runway warning light is arranged across the taxiway and consists of a yellow light that traverses the taxiway at a distance of 3 m. The adjacent lamps in the lamp alternately illuminate, and the separated lamps emit light at the same time.

Part of the lighting system English abbreviation meaning

CAT-I PALS--------- A class of precision approach lighting system

HIAL------------------High-intensity approach lighting system

VASIS----------------- visual approach slope indicator system

SALS------------------Simple approach lighting system

PAPI-------------------Precision approach channel indicator

LIZ--------------------- heading light

HIRL-------------------High-intensity runway lights (side lights)

MIRL------------------- medium strength runway lights (side lights)

LIRL--------------------Low-intensity runway lights (side lights)

RCL--------------------- runway center line (flag)

RCLL-------------------Runway center line lighting

RCLS-------------------Runway center line lighting system

REDL-------------------Runway edge light

SFL----------------------Sequence flash

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