In the design of solar lighting fixtures, many factors, such as light source, solar cell system, battery charge and discharge control, etc., any problem in any one of the links will cause product defects. Solar luminaires consist of five components: solar panels, charge and discharge controllers, batteries, loads, and luminaire housings. Without a good charge and discharge control circuit, it is impossible to have a good performance solar luminaire. The charge and discharge controller must have the following characteristics: anti-reverse charge control, anti-overcharge control, over-discharge prevention control, and temperature compensation. Table Top Gas Stove,Double Burner Gas Cooke,Mini Gas Cookers,Teflon Coated Gas Cooker xunda science&technology group co.ltd , https://www.gasstove.be
1 Solar cell The main function of the solar cell is to convert light energy into electrical energy. This phenomenon is called photovoltaic effect. Among the many solar cells, three solar cells, such as single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon, are more common and practical. It is better to use polycrystalline silicon solar cells in the eastern and western regions where there is plenty of sunlight and sunshine. Due to the relatively simple production process of polycrystalline silicon solar cells, the price is lower than single crystal, and the conversion efficiency is continuously improved. In the rainy days, the sun is relatively insufficient in the southern region, the use of single crystal silicon solar cells is better, because the electrical performance parameters of monocrystalline silicon solar cells are relatively stable. Amorphous silicon solar cells are better in indoors where sunlight is weak, because amorphous silicon solar cells require less sunlight.
First of all, we must first understand the solar cells of any solar lighting products. The solar cells have five electrical performance parameters, namely: short-circuit current, peak current, open circuit voltage, peak voltage, and peak power.
For the average user, how do we know the five parameter values? Teach you a simple way, let us know this parameter relatively, we can test these 5 parameters with a universal meter at 12 o'clock in the morning (of course, the measured value will have a little error).
For a single-chip solar cell, it is a PN junction that has all the properties of a PN junction in addition to the ability to generate electrical energy when it is illuminated by sunlight. Its rated output voltage is 0.48V under standard lighting conditions. The solar cell modules used in solar lighting fixtures are all made up of multiple solar cell connections.
Users can look at the solar cell first to understand the price, performance and stability of solar lighting. Below I will introduce the charge and discharge controller, load, battery, etc.
2 Charge and Discharge Controller Regardless of the size of the solar luminaire, a good performance charge and discharge control circuit is essential. In order to extend the service life of the battery, its charging and discharging conditions must be limited to prevent overcharging and deep discharge of the battery. In addition, since the input energy of the solar photovoltaic power generation system is extremely unstable, the control of charging the battery in the photovoltaic power generation system is more complicated than the control of the ordinary battery charging. For the design of solar luminaires, success and failure often depend on the success and failure of the charge and discharge control circuit.
3 Battery Because the input energy of solar photovoltaic system is extremely unstable, it is generally necessary to configure the battery system to work. Solar lamps are no exception, and batteries must be configured to work. Generally, there are lead-acid batteries, Ni-Cd batteries, and Ni-H batteries, and their capacity selection directly affects system reliability and system price. The choice of battery capacity generally follows the following principles: First, the energy of the daytime solar cell module is stored as much as possible while meeting the nighttime illumination, and at the same time, it is also possible to store the electrical energy required for the nighttime rainy day. The battery capacity is too small to meet the needs of night lighting. If the storage capacity is too large, the battery is always in a deficient state, which affects the battery life and causes waste.