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Engineers understand that power and frequency are closely linked in mechanical and electrical systems operating near resonance. While resonance can sometimes be problematic—especially if too much energy is absorbed by a single mode, potentially damaging the system—it can also be beneficial. Resonance is often used to maintain oscillation at resonant frequencies, as seen in mechanical and electrical clocks. Additionally, it can be utilized to control power levels across variable loads, such as in solid-state lighting (SSL) systems, improving both cost-effectiveness and reliability.
Resonance is particularly valuable in LED applications because LEDs are low-voltage DC devices with steep current-voltage curves. Most designers prefer constant current drivers rather than constant voltage sources for better performance. Luminaires typically include multiple LED strings, which must be well-matched to ensure uniform light output. A failure in one LED can disrupt the entire string, making reliability a key concern.
To address these challenges, resonance can be used to control the power of an LED array efficiently. Verdi Semiconductor has developed a current driver using resonance, offering high efficiency and better performance for LED strings. A more advanced approach involves distributing reactive components between arrays, allowing precise control over power without the need for additional semiconductor devices. This method provides flexibility, efficiency, and lower costs, as capacitors and inductors can be small, inexpensive, and easily integrated into circuits.
By adding series and parallel reactive components, new methods for power control emerge. These components can form a resonant tank where energy dissipation is primarily through the resistive load of the LED. Near-lossless reactance can replace energy-consuming resistors, simplifying circuit design and improving efficiency.
Imagine a network of lighting units, each containing LEDs and reactive components like capacitors. These units can be connected in series or parallel to form a resonant network known as "solid-state lighting reactance strings" (RSSL). This configuration allows for distributed control, enabling independent adjustment of sub-networks without increasing complexity.
The RSSL system can operate at multiple frequencies, supporting various channels on the same wiring. As long as line frequency is separated from the resonant frequency, flicker is minimized, eliminating the need for electrolytic capacitors. The system is also noise-resistant and allows hot swapping of components without affecting other parts of the network.
As the size of the LED array increases, so does the reliability of the RSSL system. Even with partial component failures, the system remains functional due to its inherent redundancy. Moreover, the system can reduce lumen output drop at higher currents, maintaining efficiency. Using a COB architecture with multi-junction chips further enhances performance and cost savings.
Resonance-based LED driving is a powerful new technique with broad applications in illumination systems. It offers innovative design tools for creating efficient, low-cost, and multi-functional lighting solutions.