Stainless Steel Flange
A flange can also be a plate or ring to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fastened to the pipe. A blind flange is a plate for covering or closing the end of a pipe. A flange joint is a connection of pipes, where the connecting pieces have flanges by which the parts are bolted together.
Although the word flange generally refers to the actual raised rim or lip of a fitting, many flanged plumbing fittings are themselves known as 'flanges':
There are many different flange standards to be found worldwide. To allow easy functionality and interchangeability, these are designed to have standardised dimensions. Common world standards include ASA/ASME (USA), PN/DIN (European), BS10 (British/Australian), and JIS/KS (Japanese/Korean). In the USA, ANSI stopped publishing B16.5 in 1996, and the standard is ASME B16.5
Stainless Steel Round Tube Flange,Forged Stainless Steel Flange,Stainless Steel Welded Flange,Galvanized Stainless Steel Floor Flange Yixing Steel Pole International Trading Co., Ltd , https://www.yx-steelpole.com
The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a robust communication protocol originally developed by Bosch, a renowned German company specializing in automotive electronics. It has since evolved into an international standard (ISO 11898) and is widely used in industrial and automotive applications. In North America and Western Europe, CAN has become the standard bus for vehicle control systems and embedded industrial networks. Additionally, the J1939 protocol, specifically designed for heavy trucks and machinery, is built on top of CAN technology.
RS-485, on the other hand, is a balanced differential signaling standard that offers excellent noise immunity. Its transceivers are highly sensitive and can detect signals as low as 200mV, allowing reliable communication over long distances—often exceeding one kilometer. Some advanced RS-485 transceivers allow for up to eight times more nodes on the same bus by adjusting input impedance. This makes it ideal for industrial automation, where multiple devices need to communicate reliably in challenging environments.
This article presents the design of a protocol converter that enables seamless communication between CAN and RS-485 buses. The device facilitates bidirectional data transmission and supports configuration through an RS-232 interface. Users can dynamically adjust network node parameters, filter messages, and monitor system status via a custom human-computer interaction software.
**Features**
The protocol converter supports real-time data conversion between RS-485 and CAN protocols. It allows users to configure network nodes, set message filters, and manage communication parameters on the fly. The system also includes an RS-232 interface for connection to a host computer, enabling flexible and efficient operation in various applications.
**Hardware Design**
The converter’s hardware consists of several key modules: a core control unit, a CAN interface, an RS-485 interface, an RS-232 interface, and a power supply module. The core controller is based on the AT89S51 microcontroller, chosen for its maturity, cost-effectiveness, and ISP programming capability. The design ensures compatibility with both CAN and RS-485 standards while maintaining high reliability and performance.
**CAN Bus Interface**
The CAN interface uses the SJA1000 CAN controller from Philips and the 82C250 transceiver. These components work together to manage data transmission and reception on the CAN bus. To ensure electrical isolation, optocouplers like the 6N137 are used between the controller and transceiver. The system also employs separate crystal oscillators for the SJA1000 and the microcontroller to maintain timing accuracy.
**RS-232 and RS-485 Interfaces**
Due to the limited number of serial ports on the AT89S51, the RS-485 interface is implemented using software-based UART emulation. The RS-232 interface is used to connect to a host computer, allowing users to monitor and configure the system. The RS-485 interface includes optical isolation and level-shifting to improve signal integrity and reduce interference.
**Power Supply Circuit**
The power supply circuit converts a 24V input to a stable 5V output using a switching regulator (LM2576). This design ensures sufficient power delivery and improved noise immunity for the CAN bus, making the system suitable for industrial environments.
**Software Design**
The software running on the AT89S51 is written in C and includes three main parts: the main program, initialization routines, and interrupt service routines. Data from both the CAN and RS-485 buses is handled via interrupts to ensure timely processing and response. The system also supports dynamic configuration of network settings and message filtering through the RS-232 interface.
**Human Interface Program**
The user interface allows real-time monitoring of the system, including fault detection and parameter adjustment. LEDs connected to specific microcontroller pins provide visual feedback on communication status, enhancing system usability and reliability.