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Modbus is a widely adopted communication protocol originally developed by Modicon. It has gained recognition as a standard in industrial automation due to its practical application across various industries. By following this protocol, different systems can communicate seamlessly, regardless of their manufacturer or design. Today, Modbus is commonly used in RS232 and RS485 communication environments, making it a reliable choice for data exchange.
There are two main variants of the Modbus protocol: Modbus ASCII and Modbus RTU. The ASCII version is typically used when data volume is small, and text-based communication is preferred. On the other hand, Modbus RTU is more efficient for larger data transfers and uses binary encoding, which makes it faster and more compact. In real-world applications, users often customize the Modbus protocol to meet specific needs. While some may develop proprietary protocols, others make minor modifications and document them clearly in user manuals or software help files, ensuring ease of use and compatibility.
**Modbus RTU Communication Transmission Method**
Modbus RTU communication involves independent information headers and encoded data. This format is compatible with the Modbus RTU protocol, as shown below:
The structure includes:
- **Initial Structure**: At least 4 bytes
- **Address Code**: 1 byte, indicating the target slave device
- **Function Code**: 1 byte, specifying the action to be performed
- **Data Area**: N bytes, containing actual values, set points, or addresses
- **CRC Code**: A 16-bit error-checking code
- **End Structure**: At least 4 bytes
**Address Code**: The first byte of the message identifies the slave device that should receive the request. Each slave has a unique address, and responses begin with the same address. The master sends an address to specify where the message should go, while the slave echoes its own address in the response.
**Function Code**: The second byte defines the operation to be executed. Modbus defines function codes from 1 to 127, though only a subset is used in practice. When the master sends a request, the function code tells the slave what to do. When the slave responds, it repeats the same function code. If the highest bit of the function code is set (e.g., 127), it indicates an error or no response.
**Data Area**: This part varies depending on the function code and can include values, commands, or addresses exchanged between the master and the slave.
**CRC Code**: A two-byte checksum used to detect errors during transmission, ensuring data integrity.
**Modbus RTU Communication Protocol Format**
The Modbus protocol is a flexible language used by electronic controllers to enable communication over networks such as Ethernet or serial lines. It has become an industry standard, allowing devices from different manufacturers to work together in a centralized control system. The protocol defines a standardized message structure, enabling controllers to request access, respond to queries, and handle errors consistently.
Modbus supports three communication modes: RTU, ASCII, and TCP. The Modbus RTU module, such as the WCTU, supports all three protocols and offers multi-channel analog acquisition and digital interface capabilities. This versatility makes it ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable and efficient communication.