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The article primarily explores the technological foundation of smart cities in China, examining the limitations and technical challenges that arise within the current environment. It emphasizes that innovation is crucial for the successful development of smart cities. As China continues its rapid urbanization, cities are expanding in scale, playing a vital role in driving economic growth, social progress, and national development. However, with increasing pressures on environmental protection, energy efficiency, transportation, and industrial transformation, there is an urgent need for new urban development models and management tools to enhance urban sustainability.
With the rapid advancement and widespread application of information technology, the concept of "smart cities" has gained momentum. Many cities have adopted smart city initiatives as part of their development strategies during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan," signaling a growing trend toward intelligent urbanization. Smart cities represent a fusion of technology and urban planning, involving various advanced technologies. The article focuses on these technical foundations, identifies existing limitations, and highlights the importance of innovation in overcoming these challenges.
As cultural and material progress continues alongside urban development, the driving force behind cities is gradually shifting toward wisdom. This means that people can continuously benefit from services and products driven by innovative technology. The government has recognized the significance of smart city construction and is actively promoting it at all levels. More smart cities are expected to emerge, offering improved living conditions, better public safety, and more efficient urban management.
A smart city is defined as a scientifically and rationally planned urban environment, leveraging the latest information technology. By integrating ubiquitous internet access and comprehensive information sensing, it enables intelligent self-perception and seamless collaboration between people, objects, and urban systems. This enhances people’s quality of life, supports environmental protection, ensures public safety, and meets business needs through intelligent responses, ultimately creating a safer, more convenient, and sustainable urban space.
Smart cities optimize and upgrade urban systems, making them more coordinated, developed, and intelligent. They promote harmony between people and objects, improving overall urban livability.
**1. Three Technical Foundations of Smart Cities**
Building a smart city requires the integration of technological innovation, public awareness, and effective governance. Among these, technological innovation serves as the cornerstone. Information is the core of intelligence, making information technology the key enabler of smart cities.
**1.1 Extensive Communication Technology: The Nervous System of the City**
Just like a human nervous system allows the brain to receive signals from all parts of the body, a smart city needs a robust communication network to function effectively. This network acts as the city's nervous system, enabling seamless information flow and connectivity.
**1.2 Internet Technology: Bringing Intelligence Closer to Everyone**
Before the rise of the internet, information processing was limited to large computer systems in specialized locations, far removed from everyday life. The internet has changed this by allowing anyone to access and generate information easily. This democratization of information makes it possible for smart cities to become a reality.
**1.3 Embedded Technology: Expanding the Scope of Intelligence**
From a technical perspective, a smart city is an information-based system. The level of intelligence depends on how well data is collected and processed. Smart cities require not only people to generate information but also infrastructure that can automatically collect and monitor data. Embedded technology enables devices to perform independent computing and networking, making this possible. Thus, embedded technology plays a critical role in extending the reach of intelligence beyond people to objects.
**2. Application Limitations and Technical Bottlenecks in Smart Cities**
**2.1 Limitations in Smart City Applications**
Most current smart city applications focus on basic data collection and transmission. While these methods work in simple scenarios, they struggle with complex situations that require multiple nodes to collaborate. These simple systems are often limited to areas where data security, real-time response, and reliability are not critical. In such cases, data breaches or errors may not lead to serious consequences. However, in high-stakes environments like medical surgeries, train control, or large-scale machinery operations, the lack of reliable IoT solutions remains a major challenge.